《管理英语4》形考2阅读理解题答案

共两篇文章。
1. 阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题。
Communication Failure
The meaning of “communication” goes a lot deeper than people often think. Communication is about conceiving, sending, receiving, and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messages. A failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication.
Ineffective communication can be disastrous. There is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message “Send reinforcements, we"re going to advance.” back to his Command Center, through a long chain of subordinates. When the message finally reached the Command Center, it had “mutated” to become -- “Send three and four-pence, we"re going to a dance.” The reinforcements never arrived.
You can demonstrate this same principle, albeit on a less dramatic scale, by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 people. It is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with.
In a business, there are three main types of communication failure. Each has its own indicative signs.
The first type is known as allocative failure. This occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often), the information is not reaching the right points. The firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demand. If demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing. If the inverse happens, there will be a surplus of stocks and overstaffing.
The second type is executive failure, where communication to trigger specific events/actions is either late, lacking or in error. The symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments, a loss of co-ordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all.
The final type is human failure. This occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communication. This leads to alienated staff, an increase in staff turnover, an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staff. Creativity, especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries, is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips.
1. Confirming reception of the sent messages means （ ）
A. the messages are sent to right receivers
B. the messages are correctly understood
C. the messages are correctly understood by right receivers
2. In the famous British Army Commander story, which step probably did NOT go wrong in the communication chain? （ ）
A. Conceiving.
B. Sending.
C. Receiving.
3. What is Chinese whispers? （ ）
A. Who whispers in Chinese.
B. A game to pass message around in a whisper.
C. Chinese people who don"t normally talk very loudly.
4. Allocative failure does NOT happen when （ ）
A. the right information goes to the right place
B. a company gathers false information
C. the correct information is not received by the right department or person
5. According to the passage, which of the following cases does NOT belong to human failure? （ ）
A. Decreasing creativity across departments.
B. Inadequate communication between departments.
C. Increasing customer complaints.
解析：
1.这是一道理解题。本题询问“对已发送信息进行接受确认指的是……”。此题信息对应文章第一段，需要读懂段落大意，同时结合常理做出选择，即“被对的接收者正确理解”，所以选择C。
2.这是一道理解题。本题询问“在那个著名的英国军队指挥官故事中，沟通链上的哪个环节可能没有出错”。此题信息对应文章第二段，需要读懂段落大意，同时分析判断该故事中信息的拟定、传递和接收三个沟通环节哪一个最不容易出错。根据故事情节，可大致判断“信息的拟定”环节没有出现错误，所以选择A。
3.这是一道理解题。本题询问“什么是传话游戏”，对已经做过这个游戏的人来说凭经验就可以做出选择，对于不熟悉该游戏的人，需要完整阅读文章第三段即可做出判断，即选项B为正确解释。
4.这是一道细节题。本题询问“分配错误在什么情况下不会发生”，需仔细阅读文章第五段关于分配错误如何产生的说明，特别是第二句关于此类错误的详细定义，然后推断出在什么情况下可以避免发生此类错误，正确选项为A。
5.这是一道理解题。本题询问“根据短文判断下列哪个事例不属于人为错误”，需仔细阅读文章最后一段关于人为错误如何产生的说明，理解后即可将“增长的客户投诉”排除在人为错误之外，因此正确选项为C。

2. 阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误。
Habits of Highly Effective Communicators
It"s no secret that good leaders are also good communicators. Indeed, communication and leadership are inextricably tied. How can you galvanize, inspire or guide others if you don"t communicate in a clear, credible and authentic way? Here are 5 essential communication practices of effective leaders:
1. Mind the say-do gap. Trust is the bedrock of effective leadership – your behavior is your single greatest mode of communication, and it must be congruent with what you say. If your actions don"t align with your words, you are storing up trouble for the future.
2. Make the complex simple. Effective leaders distill complex thoughts and strategies into simple, memorable terms that colleagues and customers can grasp and act upon. The most important thing is to clarify what you want to say, look out for technical jargon and avoid business speak, which add complexity. Say what you mean in as few words as possible.
3. Find your own voice. Use language that"s distinctly your own; let your values come through in your communication. Correct use of language and grammar are important, of course, but don"t become overly fixated on eloquence for eloquence"s sake; concentrate on being distinct and real. People want real, people respect real, people follow real.
4. Be visible Visibility is about letting your key stakeholders get a feel for who you are and what you care about. Don"t hide behind a computer and only interact with people electronically – see them face to face and voice to voice, and interact with them in a real, substantial way. In today"s environment, where people are often burned out, it"s important for employees to have a personal connection with you and the work you believe in. Show the people that work for you that you"re engaged and that you care about them and their work.
5. Listen with your eyes as well as your ears. Effective communication is a two-way process, and good leaders know how to ask good questions, and then listen with both their eyes and their ears. Because you are in a position of authority, others may be reluctant to express their real opinions to you directly. You won"t always get direct feedback, so you need to also be able to read between the lines and look for the non-verbal cues.
正确选T，错误选F。
1. Communication and leadership don"t always go hand in hand. F
2. The say-do gap happens when people misunderstand their leader"s intention. F
3. Using technical jargon makes a leader convincing. F
4. Communicating sincerely is always the best. T
5. Observation is as important as communication when you want to know what people really think. T