萨古鲁：生命如何结束，死亡如何开始？

Though it invariably happens to everyone, death remains a mystery. Here, Sadhguru explains what actually happens upon leaving the body. Excerpted from a conversation between leading orthopaedic surgeon Dr. Rajasekaran and Sadhguru at the Annual Meet of the Indian Orthopaedic Association (IOACON) on 29 November 2018 in Coimbatore.
虽然死亡不可避免地会发生在每个人身上，但它仍然是个谜。在这里，萨古鲁解释了离开身体时具体发生了什么。文章摘选自萨古鲁与知名骨科医生Dr. Rajasekaran在2018年11月29日于哥印拜陀举办的印度骨科学会年会中的谈话。
Dr. Rajasekaran: Sadhguru, you spoke about life, and that brings a big question that doctors have about life. Now they say, we have one trillion cells in our body, and each of these cells is living by itself. And when you say a patient is no more, it’s just that the brain dies after two or three minutes, but a large part of his body is still alive. His skin, his muscles, his bones live for many hours. So what dies when we die? That brings the question what leaves us... Where is this life in our body? Is it in our brain, our heart? And what is this life you’re talking about? Is it in the spine? Where does it reside?
Dr.Rajasekaran：萨古鲁，你谈到生命，而它引发了医生们对于生命的一个很大疑问。如今他们说，我们体内有数以万亿的细胞，而每个细胞都是独立存在的。并且你说一个病患死亡时，只有大脑在两三分钟后会死去，但他身体的大部分依旧存活着。他的皮肤、他的肌肉、他的骨骼会继续存活数小时。所以当我们死去的时候，是什么死了？这就引发了一个问题……我们体内的生命在哪里？是在脑中或心脏里？你所说的生命又指的是什么？是在脊椎中么？它位于哪里？
Sadhguru: There’re so many living people – you can ask them, where are they. I think the religious beliefs have screwed up human mind so badly that people cannot even know what is happening within themselves. They know the geography of heaven, where God is sitting, how many children he has, when his birthday is – everything they know. How come they don’t know where their life is? Isn’t it ridiculous?
Sadhguru（萨古鲁）：世界上有这么多活着的人——你可以问问他们，他们在哪儿。我认为宗教信仰把人类的头脑搅乱了，以至于人们连自己内在发生了什么都不明白。他们知道天堂的地理位置，上帝坐在哪儿，他有多少孩子，他生日是哪天——他们无所不知。他们怎么会不知道他们的生命在哪里？这岂不荒谬？
Dr. Rajasekaran: Because we were told about the birthday of gods, but nobody is telling us where our life is.
Dr. Rajasekaran：因为我们被告知了上帝的生日，但没人告诉我们，我们的生命在哪里。
Sadhguru: I’m asking all of you – are you really life?
Sadhguru（萨古鲁）：我问你们所有人——你真的是生命吗？
Participants: Yes. Yes. Yes.
听众：是的、是的、是的。
Putting Things in Perspective
正确看待事物
Sadhguru: No, most people are just a bundle of thoughts, emotions, ideas, opinions, belief systems, and prejudices. They’re not life – their thought and emotion has overtaken their life process. The most dominant thing that’s happening in their life is their own thought and emotion, not life process. What this means is, your own silly little creation in your head has become larger than the Creator’s creation. That’s a stupid way to live. See, today morning, the sun came up on time. And the planet is spinning on time. And out of these hundred billion galaxies, not a single accident – everything is going perfect in this cosmos today. Isn’t that great?
Sadhguru（萨古鲁）：不，大多数人只是一堆想法、情绪、理念、观点、信仰体系和偏见。他们不是生命——他们的想法和情绪占据了他们的生命进程。他们生命中最占主导的是他们自己的想法和情绪，而非生命进程。这意味着，你自己脑中的那些愚蠢渺小的创造变得比造物主的创造还更大。那是一种愚蠢的活法。瞧，今早，太阳准时升起。星球照常旋转。在这数以万亿的星系中，没有一件意外发生——今天宇宙中的一切都完美运行着。这不够棒吗？
But one nasty little thought is crawling in your head, and it’s a bad day. This is because you have lost perspective as to who you are in this universe. This solar system in which we are, if it evaporates tomorrow morning, nobody will even notice it in this cosmos – it’s that small; just a speck. In this speck of a solar system, Planet Earth is a micro speck. In that micro speck, Coimbatore city is a super micro speck. In that, you are a big man. This is a serious problem.
但有一个不愉快的小想法在你头脑里蠕动，今天就被毁了。这是因为你对你在宇宙中是谁失去了正确的视角。我们所在的太阳系，如果它明天消失了，宇宙中根本无人会注意到——它是如此渺小，宛若尘砾。在这如尘砾般的太阳系中，地球是一粒微尘。在那微尘中，哥印拜陀市是一粒超级微尘。而在那之中，你是一个大人物。这就是个大问题了。
When we have completely lost perspective as to who we are, what we are, how do you think you will grasp anything? Getting perspective on our life is very, very important. How come we know so many things but we don’t know what the nature of our life is?
当我们对我们是谁、我们是什么完全失去了概念时，你如何能去理解其他事呢？把握对生命的正确视角极其重要。我们为何所知甚多却不知我们生命的本质是什么呢？
Now, you asked why if somebody is dead, still some of the cells are active. Why this is so – what we’re calling “life,” physically, is a mechanism on many different levels. There is hardware, and there is software. The core of hardware is the bones. The software is equally important. Otherwise, how does a cell know that it is a human cell – that it is not a pig cell, a tree cell, or something else? It knows because there is an entire software.
现在，你问为什么如果某人死了，一些细胞依然活跃。原因是——我们所称为“生命”的，物理上，在很多层面上是一个机器。有硬件，也有软件。硬件的核心是骨骼。软件同样重要。不然，一个细胞如何知道这是一个人类细胞——而不是一个猪细胞、一个树细胞，或者别的什么？它知道是因为有一整套软件存在。
There is memory – evolutionary memory, genetic memory, karmic memory. There are varieties of memories imposed on every cell in the system, so that it never gets confused. If you eat dog food for three days, you will not become a dog, because the memory is entrenched in your system. The software package is actually much bigger than the hardware. And it is energized by what we are considering as life force.
那里还有记忆——进化过程中留下的记忆、基因上的记忆、业力上的记忆。各种各样的记忆被加诸于系统内的每一个细胞中，确保它永远不会感到困惑。如果你吃了三天的狗粮，你不会变成一只狗，因为那记忆已经被深植于你系统中。那个软件包实际上比硬件庞大得多，而且它还被win认为的生命力注入了能量。
Five Dimensions of Prana
Prana的五个维度
In yoga, we call this prana. It manifests itself in five basic dimensions. These are called prana vayu, samana vayu, apana vayu, udana vayu and vyana vayu. They have different functions.
在瑜伽中，我们称之为Prana（生命能量）。它表现在五个基本维度中。他们分别被称为prana vayu、samana vayu、apana vayu、udana vayu和vyana vayu。它们各司其职。
Prana vayu is related to breath, respiratory action, and thought process. If the prana vayu depletes, your respiratory action will go away. Immediately, they’ll try to pump your chest; if the breath doesn’t come back, the doctor will say you’re dead. Respiration and pulmonary action are very directly connected – once respiration stops, the pulmonary process will naturally come to an end. So prana vayu is gone. If samana vayu starts receding, which is in charge of generating heat in the system, the body starts getting cold, and it also starts becoming stiff.
Prana vayu和呼吸、呼吸作用和思维过程有关。如果prana vayu耗尽了，你的呼吸就会消失。他们会立即尝试给你做心肺复苏，如果没能恢复呼吸，医生就会说你死了。呼吸和心肺活动直接相连——一旦呼吸停止，心肺活动会自然停止。所以prana vayu消失了。如果负责产生系统热量的Samana vayu开始耗竭，身体就会开始变冷，也会开始变得僵硬。
Once apana vayu starts receding in a major way, then the sensory aspect starts receding. We must understand this – you may check somebody’s breath and declare them dead, but they can still feel sensations. There have been any number of cases where people got terrified because a dead body moved a little bit, because the sensory activity is still on. Still, life is not fully convinced that it is finished – it is still making an effort of its own.
一旦apana vayu开始大量地消退，那么感官活动也会消退。我们必须明白——你或许检查了某人的呼吸并且宣布他们死亡，但他们依旧有感觉。有许多人们因尸体移动而受惊吓的案例，因为感官活动依旧发生着。生命依旧没有全然相信它已经结束了——它依旧做着自己的努力。
Udana Vayu – the Buoyancy Factor
Udana Vayu——浮力因素
When udana vayu goes away, then the buoyancy is gone. When I say buoyancy… You may weigh seventy or eighty or maybe fifty kilograms – whatever is your weight; let’s say you’re very happy and alive right now – you don’t feel those fifty kilograms on you. If you stand on the scale, it is there. But when you walk, it is not there, simply because the udana creates a buoyancy – it makes you less available to gravity. There are yogic practices to activate it.
当udana vayu消退的时候，浮力也消失了。当我说浮力的时候……你或许重70、80或50公斤——无论你多重，假设你现在很开心活泼——你感受不到你身上这50公斤。如果你站在称上，重量会显示在那儿。但当你走路的时候，它不在那儿，仅仅是因为udana创造了一种浮力——它让你不那么受重力影响。有些瑜伽练习可以激活它。
There are whole schools of udana in China. You might have seen those movies like Crouching Tiger – these are udana schools, where they have mastery over udana and can float around a little bit. Well, a little exaggerated in the movies, but the body becomes lighter, more buoyant. For a martial arts fighter, to be buoyant is important. There have been many cases where certain ballet dancers and martial arts experts have done something, leaping up to heights, which physicists believe is simply impossible. They’ve gone beyond that level simply by creating more buoyancy.
在中国有许多udana流派。你或许看过那些例如《卧虎藏龙》之类的电影——那些是udana流派，在那里他们掌控了udana，可以漂浮。嗯，电影里有些夸张了，但身体变得更轻盈。对一个武术斗士来说，身轻如燕很重要。有许多某些芭蕾舞者和武术大师，跳到物理学认为毫无可能的高度的例子。他们只是通过创造更多的浮力，去超越那个（正常的）水平。
So udana is in charge of buoyancy. Once udana starts receding, suddenly, the body becomes heavy. The weight does not increase, but you can feel the weight much more, simply because udana is receding. People who work in hospitals may know there’s a big difference in carrying a live person and a dead person – simply because once udana is gone, there is no buoyancy.
所以udana管控浮力。一旦udana开始耗竭，身体突然变得沉重。体重并没有增加，但你能对重量的感知更强烈了，只是因为udana在消失。在医院工作的人或许知道抬一个活人和一个死人差别很大——完全是因为一旦udana消失了，浮力就消失了。
Vyana Vayu – The Last to Leave
Vyana Vayu——最后离开的
The fifth dimension is called vyana vayu – it is preservative in nature. If vyana recedes, even when you’re alive, the body will begin to rot. There are certain types of snake venoms which can do this. If they bite you, you will not die, but literally, parts of the body will start falling apart, simply because vyana will recede. So, once vyana recedes, the rotting process will begin.
第五个维度称作vyana vayu——它本质上是防腐剂。如果vyana消失了，即使你还活着，身体也会开始腐烂。有一些特定种类的蛇毒有此效。如果它们咬了你，你不会死，但毫不夸张地说，身体的组成部位会开始分崩离析，只是因为vyana会消失。所以，一旦vyana消失了，腐烂过程就会开始。
There are systems in yoga where we want all the five vayus to go reasonably together, within one and-a-half hours. In normal death, depending upon the age of a person, how vibrant a particular body is, vyana may take up to fourteen days to leave. This is the reason why in this culture, you have rituals running up to fourteen days – because they feel the vyana may still be there. When you bury a person, the vyana may still be hovering there.
在瑜伽的有些体系中，我们想要这五种vayu在1到1.5小时内，差不多同时消失。在正常死亡中，取决于这个人的年龄，这个身体有多活跃，vyana可能需要14天才能离开。这就是为什么在这一文化中，你们有长达14天的仪式——因为他们觉得vyana或许依旧存在。当你埋葬一个人的时候，vyana或许还萦绕在那儿。
That is the reason why in this culture, that was the rule – if somebody dies, within an hour-and a-half, you must cremate them. But then mistakes happened – when they were still alive, somebody put them on the funeral pyre. So they stretched it to four hours – within four hours, you must cremate the body. But today, there are all kinds of issues, so people are waiting for one, two, or three days. The daughter is in America and she has to come, so they are waiting – things like that.
这正是为什么在这一文化中，规矩是——如果一个人死了，在1到1.5小时内，你必须火化他们。但这么一来错误发生了——当他们还活着的时候，有人就把他们放到火葬堆里。所以他们把期限延长到了四小时——在四小时内，你必须火化这个躯体。但如今，有各种各样的问题，所以人们要等1、2天或者3天。女儿人在美国，而她必须到场，所以他们就等着她——诸如此类的事。
The Rationale of Quick Cremation
快速火化的原理
We must understand this – you don’t diagnose people as dead, you declare them dead – there is a difference. So when you declare them dead, for you, they’re dead. As far as that person is concerned, in a way, all that has happened is he has lost his body. All his life, he lived thinking he is a body, never realizing the physical mass that he carries is just an accumulation from this planet. When he suddenly slips out of the body, he tends to hover around the body, because he has lost his discriminatory intelligence. Once he leaves the body, the discriminatory intellect is gone, so he tends to hover around that body.
我们必须明白——你并不诊断人们是否死亡，你宣布他们的死亡——这两者有所不同。所以当你宣布他们死去时，对你来说，他们死了。就那个人而言，某种程度上，所发生的一切不过只是他失去了他的身体。他穷尽一生，认为自己是一具躯体，从未意识到他携带的这个躯壳只是来自地球的累积物。当他突然离开身体，他倾向于在躯体周围流连，因为他失去了他的辨别力。一旦他离开身体，辨别力就消失了，所以他倾向于流连于那具躯体周围。
That is why in this culture, we said the moment we are sure that somebody is dead, you must immediately cremate them. It’s good for the dead, so they know the game is up, and it’s also good for the living. If somebody very dear to you just died and their body is there in front of you, you keep on hallucinating, “Maybe they’re just sleeping. Maybe they will sit up. Maybe some miracle will happen.”
这正是为何在这一文化中，我们说一旦我们确定某人死了，你必须立即火化他们。这对死者有益，这样一来他们知道游戏结束了，这对生者也有好处。如果一个对你而言非常亲近的人刚死了，而他们的身体在你面前，你会一直幻想，“或许他们只是在睡觉。或许他们会起来的。或许某些奇迹会发生。”
This will go on unnecessarily. You will see people are crying and big emotional drama is happening. But the moment you cremate the body, everyone becomes silent, because now everyone knows the game is up. It’s good for the living and for the dead. So about life leaving the system, life is so entrenched in the system, it will not go away just like that. In stages, it came in; in stages, it will go away.
这会毫无必要地持续下去。你会看到人们在哭泣，巨大的情感戏码会上演。然而一旦你火化了尸体，每个人都变得沉寂，因为现在大家都明白游戏结束了。这对生者和死者都好。所以关于生命如何离开系统——生命是如此深深根植于系统中，它不会这么简单地离开。它阶段性地进场，也将阶段性地离开。