《玻璃先生》中的暗喻-不仅仅是关于超级英雄GLASS

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I watched the news waiting to hear a very specific combination of words, but they never came.
我看新闻，想听到一个非常具体的词组，但它并没有出现。
Then one day I saw a news story about a train accident, and I heard them — there is a sole survivor.
然后有一天，我看到一个关于火车事故的新闻，我听到了那个词组：唯一的幸存者。
And he is miraculously unharmed.
而且他奇迹般地毫发无损。
Almost two decades ago, director M. Night Shyamalan released Unbreakable, a film that used comic book tropes to essentially tell the story of a superhero who doesn"t know he is a superhero.
大约 20 年前，导演 M·奈特·沙马兰的《不死劫》上映，这部电影用漫画的手法讲述了一个超级英雄的故事，但主角并不知道自己是超级英雄。
It wasn"t until 2016 and the release of Split, which tells the inverse story about the birth of a supervillain, that Unbreakable was revealed to be the first part of a trilogy.
直到 2016 年《分裂》上映，它讲述了一个关于超级反派诞生的故事，我们才明白《不死劫》是三部曲的第一部。
A trilogy that came to its conclusion with the inevitable clash between these characters in this year"s Glass.
今年的《玻璃先生》里，三个角色之间不可避免的冲突为三部曲拉上了帷幕。
It is interesting to consider that Unbreakable was released in a time when comic book films were virtually non-existent, whereas Split and Glass came out in a time that is dominated by them.
有趣的是，《不死劫》上映的时候，漫画改编电影几乎还不存在，而《分裂》和《玻璃先生》是在漫改电影爆发时期上映的。
And it is perhaps because of this shift in the cinematic landscape, that Shyamalan"s Unbreakable trilogy is now mostly discussed and judged based on those terms — as a deconstruction of superheroes and comic book culture.
也许正是由于电影界的这种转变，沙马兰的《不死劫》三部曲现在大多是基于时代术语来讨论和评判的——作为对超级英雄和漫画文化进行解构。
In comics, you would go to a public place where all could see you.
在漫画中，你会去一个众目睽睽的公共场所。
In comics, the parents of the villain always hold a key to understanding them.
在漫画中，反派父母总是掌握着理解他们的关键。
As such, the reactions to Glass were mixed, and many people felt unsatisfied by the resolution and by the commentary it seemed to provide.
因此，人们对《玻璃先生》的评价褒贬不一，许多人对这种评判以及对人们的评论似乎都感到不满。
Although comic book analogies are certainly an important element in the films, I also feel there"s a deeper layer to them that tends to be overlooked.
虽然“类漫画”在电影中确实是一个重要元素，但我觉得它们还有一个更深的层面，并往往被忽视了。
In Unbreakable, Mr. Glass already explains that comic books are really a metaphor serving a higher purpose.
在《不死劫》中，格拉斯先生已经解释到漫画实际上是一个服务于更高目标的隐喻。
I believe comics are a form of history, that someone somewhere felt or experienced.
我相信漫画是历史的一种形式，是某个人在某处感受到或体验到的。
This sentiment is repeated once again in Glass.
这一观点在《玻璃先生》中再次被重复。
I believe comic books are a continuation of documentation that has gone on for centuries of what humans are capable of.
我相信漫画书是种记录的延续，包含了几个世纪以来对人类能力的记录。
That they are what someone, somewhere, saw or felt.
是某人在某处看到或感觉到的。
It seems as if Shyamalan is asking us to look beyond the comic book analogies, to search for the deeper meaning in his superhero story, and today, I want to find out what that is.
沙马兰似乎在让我们超越形式上的“类漫画”去探寻他的超级英雄故事的深层意义，如今，我想知道这是什么。
I urge you to look past the capes and monologuing villains, are you with me?
我劝你们不要去想那些披着斗篷的恶棍们，你们明白我的意思吗？
As a filmmaker, Shyamalan is known for creating stories consisting of multiple metaphorical and symbolic layers, and there"s one in particular that always has an important presence, and that is his faith.
作为一名电影制作人，沙马兰以创作包含多重隐喻和象征的故事而闻名，其中总有一样东西具有重要的存在感，那就是他的信仰。
All my scripts I think have a certain spirituality that is, fairly unusual for a young guy in Philly, playing ball, eating Big Macs, to have.
我认为我所有的剧本都有某种精神性，即对于一个在费城打球、吃巨无霸的年轻人来说，这是相当不寻常的。
In an interview, he explains that his beliefs are shaped by Christianity as well as by Indian culture.
在一次采访中他解释说，他的信仰受到基督教和印度文化影响。
Perhaps the acceptance that the body is not the end of your life, that the spirit continues, is something that I just, you know, accept, because, all these Indian ceremonies about ghosts or spirits in the house, and protecting the house from spirits.
或许身体不是生命的终结，因为精神会延续，我只是接受这种观点，因为所有关于房子里鬼魂的印度仪式，以及保护房子不受鬼怪肆虐。
It"s just a, you know, an accepted thing over there, so it was something that I just assumed was common but I guess it"s not.
在那里，这些是被广泛接受的，所以我默认这是普遍常见的，但我猜又不是”。
As to his films, this has resulted in a vision of faith that aims to be universal.
就他的电影而言，这导致了一种指向普世信仰的愿景。
One that is not about the participation in any particular organized religion, but one that is personal, that is about the existential questions we all face at one point in our lives, and the realization that it is ultimately we ourselves who have to answer them.
这个愿景与任何特定的宗教组织无关，而是个人的愿景关于我们在人生的某个时刻所面临的存在主义，问题并意识到最终问题终只能被自己回答。
See what you have to ask yourself is, what kind of person are you?
你得问自己，你是个怎样的人？
Are you the kind who sees signs, sees miracles?
你是那种能看到征兆，看到奇迹的人吗？
Is it possible that there are no coincidences?
有没有可能这不是巧合？
This is also an important theme in the Unbreakable trilogy as the main characters we meet in Unbreakable and Split have all been damaged by trauma and are suffering from a subsequent lack of meaning that I think everyone has experienced to some degree.
这也是《不死劫》三部曲中的一个重要主题，因为我们在《不死劫》和《分裂》中遇到的主要角色都受到了创伤并深陷随之而来的自我价值的缺失感，我认为每个人多少都有过这种感受。
This morning was the first morning I could remember that I didn"t open my eyes and feel… sadness.
这个早上是我第一次，我记得没有睁开眼睛，感到了…… 悲伤。
I thought the person who wrote that note had an answer for me.
我以为写纸条的人能给我一个答案。
They represent the struggle to figure out one"s place in life, to understand why certain things happened to us, why there seems to be a fundamental dissatisfaction in our hearts, an emptiness that cannot be filled.
它们代表着一种挣扎，弄清楚自己在生活中的位置，去理解为什么某些事情会发生在我们身上，为什么我们的内心似乎有一种本质上的不满，一种无法填补的空虚。
You know what the scariest thing is?
你知道最可怕的是什么吗？
To not know your place in this world, to not know why you"re here.
在这个世界里找不到容身之处，不知道自己为什么存在。
They show the despair that arises from the feeling of being trapped in a state of suffering, of being all alone, with no one to watch over you, quietly blaming yourself for not being strong enough to escape what is hurting you for not being good enough.
它们展示了一种绝望，这种绝望源于一种被困在苦难之中的感觉，孤身一人，无人关心，暗自责备自己没有坚强到摆脱伤害自己的东西，责怪自己不够好。
Perhaps even believing you do not deserve to be happy, that you are not worthy like everyone else.
也许甚至认为自己不配拥有幸福，你不值得像其他人一样。
Well, we look at people who"ve been shattered and different as less than, what if… they"re more than us?
我们把那些受到伤害的、另类的人归为缺陷者。有没有可能……他们比我们还多呢？
Here, we can a draw a connection with existentialist philosopher Soren Kierkegaard, whose work was largely centered around faith.
在这里，我们可以和存在主义哲学家索伦·克尔凯郭尔联系起来，他的工作主要围绕着“信仰”。
Not as a set of dogmatic principles, but as a personal challenge for each individual.
不是视它为一个教条式的原则，而是视为一个每一个人的个人挑战。
He argued that human beings are basically split between the finite and the infinite; between the earthly and the divine, and that our existential struggles are the result of us not properly relating ourselves to that relation.
他认为人类基本上分为“有限”和“无限”，尘世与神圣，而我们挣扎着存在，是由于我们没有恰当地将自己与这些关系联系起来。
He specifically warns against our tendency to search for the infinite within the finite, to search for absolute happiness within relative ends.
他特别警告我们不要在有限中寻找无限，不要在相对中寻找绝对的幸福。
Instead, he argues we should relate ourselves relatively to earthy matters, whilst simultaneously relating ourselves absolutely to the absolute end; to the infinite.
相反，他认为我们应该多建立与尘世中的世俗的联系，同时完全把自己和绝对的目的、无限联系起来。
And for Kierkegaard, this relation to the absolute can only be defined by the negative; which means that similarly to faith being defined by uncertainty, our connection to eternal happiness is defined by our suffering.
对于克尔凯郭尔来说，这种与绝对的关系只能用否定来定义，这意味着，就像信仰被不确定性所定义一样，我们与永恒幸福的联系是由我们的痛苦所定义的。
Just as gold is purified in the fire — he wrote — so the soul is purified in sufferings.
他写道——正如火炼真金，灵魂也在苦难中得到净化。
Your heart is pure.
你的心是纯洁的。
Rejoice!
感到开心吧！
The broken are the more evolved.
被击碎的人才是会变的更优秀。
Rejoice!
感到欣喜吧！
Kierkegaard"s philosophy is obviously much more complex than this.
克尔凯郭尔的哲学显然要复杂得多。
But for the purpose of understanding the Unbreakable trilogy, I think the main point is that it illustrates how people draw strength from the belief that they are connected to something higher, that there is a deeper meaning to their suffering.
但为了理解《坚不可摧》三部曲，我认为主要的一点是它阐释了“与某种高阶的事物有着联系”，这个信仰如何给予人力量即人们的痛苦有着更深层的意义。
And however they define this higher source, be it as a conscious deity, or simply as the unknown, it ultimately comes down to internalizing a sense of humility against the grand mystery that is the universe.
无论他们是如何定义这个高阶事物的来源的，无论是有意识的神灵，还是只是未知，它最终归结为内在的一个意识，即谦逊地看待这个宏伟又神秘的宇宙。
Have these individuals, through their suffering, unlocked the potential of the brain?
这些人，是否通过他们的痛苦来开发大脑的潜力？
Is this the ultimate doorway to all things we call unknown?
这是通往所有未知事物的终极通道吗？
Is this where our sense of the supernatural comes from?
这就是我们超自然意识的来源吗？
And this brings us to Glass.
这让我们想到了《玻璃先生》。
For if we assume that Unbreakable and Split are about the importance of faith in the face of existential suffering, then Glass shows us the struggle of finding this faith in an increasingly faithless society.
因为如果我们认为《不死劫》和《分裂》是关于信仰在面对生存苦难时的重要性，那么《玻璃先生》则向我们展示了在一个没有信仰的社会中寻找信仰的过程。
These are mediocre times, Mrs. Dunn.
邓恩太太，这是个平庸的时代。
People are starting to lose hope.
人们正在失去希望。
It"s hard for many to believe there are extraordinary things inside themselves as well as others.
很多人很难相信他们自己和别人的内心有超凡的东西。
This becomes especially clear when the film introduces Dr. Staple.
当影片介绍斯台普博士时，这一点变得尤为明显。
I understand that the 3 of you think you are superhuman. That you don"t think you are normal.
我知道你们三个都觉得自己是超人。认为自己是不平庸的。
I am here to discuss the possibility that you are mistaken.
而我就是来说——你们可能弄错了。
Over the course of the film, Dr. Staple instills doubt in the main characters and their loved ones by offering ordinary explanations for what they see as extraordinary and superhuman abilities.
在电影的整个过程中，斯台普博士向主要角色和他们的亲人灌输了怀疑的观念，通过给所谓的超凡和超人能力提供合理的解释。
It is possible that there was damage to your frontal lobe that you are unaware of.
你的额叶受到了损伤，而你却没有意识到。
You can"t possibly explain everything away.
你不可能把一切都解释清楚。
You believe your father is a real-life superhero, you believe he is almost immortal, you can see how some would say you need this to be true.
你相信你父亲是现实生活中的超级英雄，你相信他几乎是永生的，你可以看到有些人会说你需要这是真的。
There was a lot of moisture from the boiler room down in the locker area where they were kept.
锅炉房下面的储物柜区有很多湿气。
The cartridges were possibly compromised, and some of the pellets hit the inside of the bars.
子弹可能受损，一些子弹击中了铁栅栏内侧。
It is at least possible that there is a practical explanation for this.
这至少可能有一个实际的解释。
To be fair, her motivations are not entirely unreasonable.
事实上，她的动机并非完全没有道理。
In my video on Spider-Man 3, I discussed how the superhero fantasy is connected to a particular type of grandiosity; an inflated sense of self-importance that can lead to destructive narcissism.
在我的《蜘蛛侠 3》视频中，我讨论了超级英雄幻想是如何与某种特殊的妄想自大联系在一起的，这是一种可能导致破坏性自恋的自我膨胀感。
I specialize in a particular type of delusion or grandeur.
我专门研究了妄想或者说是自大。
I specialize in those individuals who believe they are superheroes.
我研究那些相信自己是超级英雄的人。
The Unbreakable trilogy shows us how this discussion can be extended to the question of faith as well, for while David at least tries to use his powers to do good, we also see this belief in the supernatural being used for malicious purposes with Mr. Glass committing acts of terrorism to manifest the divine; and with The Horde"s crusade to purify the world of the unworthy: two particular types of violence that are well-documented in religious history.
《不死劫》三部曲向我们展示了这种讨论如何延伸到信仰的问题上，尽管大卫试图用他的能力去做好事，但我们也看到这种超自然的信仰被用于恶意的目的，即格拉斯先生实施了恐怖主义行为来表明神性；以及部落为净化世界上不值得的事物而进行的圣战，这两种类型的暴力在宗教史上有充分的记录。
It is this violence that Dr. Staple seeks to prevent by cutting it off at the source, or to put it in Kierkegaard"s terms; by completely eliminating our connection to the infinite.
斯特普尔博士想从源头切断这种暴力来阻止暴力，或者用克尔凯郭尔的话说——完全消除我们与无限的联系来阻止暴力。
We try to stop both of you.
我们试图阻止你们俩。
If there"s one of you, the opposite of you appears.
如果有一个你，就会出现你的反面。
It escalates, we step in.
事态恶化后，我们就介入。
There just can"t be Gods amongst us.
我们之间并没有神。
But I think it is here that Shyamalan shows us a different kind of grandiosity.
但我认为正是在这里，沙马兰向我们展示了一种不同的自大。
For although Dr. Staple acts based on noble intentions, there"s also an arrogance to be found in the belief that we can restrict the grandeur of the universe in human terms; that we can reduce the wonder and mystery into facts and numbers, and that we can exercise dominion over that of which we should be humbled in awe.
因为尽管斯特普尔博士的行为基于高尚的意图，但也有一种傲慢认为我们可以用人类的言语来限制宇宙的宏伟；我们可以将奇迹和神迹变为事实和数据，我们可以支配那些我们应该谦卑敬畏的事物。
This isn"t so much a normative judgement about her philosophy, but it does highlight the futility of her actions.
与其说这是关于她的哲思的精确评论，不如讲其实它确实强调了她行动的徒劳。
It shows that as long as the vastness and the mystery of the universe exceeds our understanding of it, there will always be a lingering connection to the infinite.
它表明，只要宇宙的浩瀚和神秘超出了我们的理解，就永远会与无限保持一种挥之不去的联系。
There will always be existential suffering: a void that cannot be filled with definitive answers, and thus; faith, in whatever form it may take, is inevitable.
痛苦是永远的：一个无法用明确的答案填满的空虚，因此，信仰，无论以何种形式出现，都是不可避免的。
I know what this is.
我知道这是什么。
This is the moment we are let in on the universe.
这是我们进入宇宙的时刻。
And this is exactly what we see at the end of Glass.
这正是我们在《玻璃先生》的结尾所看到的。
Despite her best efforts to erase it, Dr. Staple ultimately fails because of the very fact that faith is an intrinsic element of the human condition.
尽管她尽最大努力抹去信仰，斯台普博士最终还是失败了，因为信仰是人类内在的重要组成元素。
Even in a time where it is suppressed or denied, Glass shows us that one reminder, one spark is all it takes to re-awaken it and mark the beginning of a new era of faith.
即使在信仰被压制或否认的时代，《玻璃先生》向我们展示的是：只需要一个提醒、一个灵光，就足以让信仰重新觉醒，并标志着新时代的开始。
No mama, this is not a limited edition.
不，妈妈，这不是限量的特殊叙述。
This was an origin story the whole time.
这一直都是一个起源故事。
There are unknown forces that don"t want us to realize what we are truly capable of.
有未知的力量不希望我们意识到我们真正的能力。
They don"t want us to know the things we suspect are extraordinary about ourselves are real.
他们不想让我们知道我们认为自己与众不同的观点是真实的。
Whoever these people are, who don"t want us to know the truth, today they lose.
不管这些不想让我们知道真相的人是谁，至少今天他们输了。
But I wonder if this really is the ultimate message of Glass; that we can"t or even shouldn"t deny faith, as it will prevail regardless of our efforts to suppress it; and that we should just ignore that even though it may inspire our inner superheroes, it will also inevitably lead to supervillains.
但我想知道这是否真的是《玻璃先生》最终想要传达的信息，即我们不能，甚至不应该否认信仰，因为无论我们如何努力压抑它，它都会占据上风；同时我们又应该忽视信仰，即使它可能激发我们内心的超级英雄，但它也将不可避免地引出大反派。
For I believe that between simply accepting the inevitability of faith and trying to erase it altogether, Shyamalan offers another path; one that acknowledges suffering as our connection to the infinite, but uses it deliberately to channel not violence, but compassion.
因为我相信，在简单地接受信仰的必然性和试图将其彻底抹去之间，沙马兰提供了另一条道路；即一条承认苦难是我们与无限的联系的道路，有意用它来引导我们，不是通过暴力，而是共情。
The power of true, loving, physical affection, it"s like something supernatural.
真实的，有爱的，生理上的情感力量，就像某种超自然的东西。
It"s the lack of it that caused this and only the true version of it can heal it.
正是缺乏这种事物才导致了这一切，只有缺失之物才能治愈它。
The Unbreakable trilogy shows, above all, that the gateway to true compassion is not found in our strength, but in our weakness, in the mutual acknowledgement and sharing of our suffering.
《不死劫》三部曲尤其要展现的是，通往真正同情的门径不是通过强大的力量，而在于我们的弱点，相互承认并分担我们的痛苦。
We are all vulnerable to fear and doubt, none of us really know ourselves, or our purpose, and it"s okay to embrace that vulnerability, to not have all the answers, for it is exactly that what connects us.
面对恐惧和怀疑，我们都很脆弱，没有人真正了解我们自己，或自己的目标接纳脆弱，不知答案，这些都并不可怕，因为这正是使我们建立起关系的东西。
When we are no longer afraid to share our pain, we open the way to understanding, to mercy and forgiveness, and only then can we stop hiding, only then can we truly exist in the light.
当我们不再害怕分担痛苦时，我们就打开了理解、怜悯和宽恕的大门，只有这样我们才能停止逃避，只有这样，我们才能真正沐浴在光明中。
They are all so scared.
他们都很害怕。
Belief in oneself is contagious.
人的信仰是会传染的。
But I told them I"m gonna hold the light now.
但我告诉他们现在我要举起这盏灯。
We give each other permission to be superheroes.
我们允许彼此成为超级英雄。
We will never awaken otherwise.
否则我们永远不会醒来。
It"s not so bad being in the light.
在灯光下其实也没那么糟。