英语无主句的翻译处理

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在英文里，句子一般都要有主语，而在汉语里没有主语的句子比比皆是。所谓无主句就是只有谓语部分而没有主语部分的句子。 这种句子本身意思是完整明确的，可是在译成英文时往往需要补出主语，或改变句型，使句子结构符合英文习惯。
1、根据上下文补上适当的名词或代词作主语：
在新西兰也讲英语吗？
Do you speak English in New Zealand?
活到老，学到老。
One is never too old to learn.
如蒙宽大，一定洗心革面。
If you can pardon me, I""ll turn over a new leaf.
弄不好，就会前功尽弃。
If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.
报告的其他部分没有提到这一点。
The speaker made no mention of this point elsewhere in his report.
2、采用 there be… 或 it is… 结构翻译：
总之，是两点而不是一点。
In short, there are two aspects, not just one.
少说空话，多办实事。
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
除了枪声，再没有其他声响。
There was no sound but that of gunfire.
桌子上放着吕宋烟盒和扇子。
There are a cigar-box and a fan on the table.
下雪了。
It is snowing.
从这里到颐和园有五英里。
It is five miles from here to the Summer Palace.
现在12点半了。
It is half past twelve now.
和你见面很高兴。
It is a pleasure to meet you.
3、不加主语，套用英语祈使句型翻译：
请打开窗户。
Please open the window.
到什么山上唱什么歌。
Sing different songs on different mountains.
做事要稳，改错要狠。
Be steady in doing your work; be resolute in correcting your mistakes.
4、不加主语，套用英文倒装句型翻译：
河边屹立着一片橡树林子。
By the river stands a forest of oaks.
描金的福建漆盘子里还放着当天的报。
On the gilded Fujian lacquer tray also lay the morning newspaper.
道路两旁站着欢迎来宾的学生。
On both sides of the avenue were students to welcome the guests.
5、用英文被动句型翻译：
必须保证产品质量。
The quality of the products must be guaranteed.
这儿将建一家医院。
A hospital will be built here.
对这一问题实际上还没有进行过科学实验。
Practically no scientific experiments have yet been made on this question.
隐约望得见一艘登陆艇停在附近。
A landing –craft could be seen tied up nearby.
上个月抢救了两只挨饿的大熊猫。
Two starving pandas were rescued last month.
6、某些表示要求、规定的无主句，也往往可以译成被动句。
本剧场内禁止吸烟。
Smoking is not allowed in this theatre.
必须保证八小时睡眠。
Eight hours"" sleep must be guaranteed.
7、不过英语也有无主句，如祈使句， 翻译时要译成“让……”。另外，要注意译出同位关系。
让主人公的外部冲突反映出自己的内心冲突，即他的各种欲望之间的冲突，自身优点与弱点之间的冲突。
Let his exterior conflict be the mirror of the protagonist""s own interior conflict，the clash of his desires，his own strength against his own weakness.